③Cov khoom siv feem ntau siv cov mos txwv tsis zoo ceramic
Txij li thaum lub xyoo pua 21st, cov mos txwv ceramics tau tsim sai heev, thiab muaj ntau yam, xws li alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium boride, thiab lwm yam, ntawm cov alumina ceramics (Al₂O₃), silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), boron carbide ceramics (B4C) yog siv dav tshaj plaws.
Alumina ceramics muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws, tab sis qhov hardness kuj tsawg, qhov pib ua haujlwm tsawg, tus nqi qis, raws li qhov kev coj dawb huv tau muab faib ua 85/90/95/99 alumina ceramics, sib xws hardness thiab nqi kuj nce ntxiv. nyob rau hauv lem.
| Khoom siv | Qhov ceev / (kg * m²) | Elastic modulus / (GN * m²) | HV | Sib npaug rau tus nqi ntawm alumina |
| Boron carbide | 2500 | 400 | 30000 | X 10 |
| Aluminium oxide | 3 800 | 340 | 15000 | 1 |
| Titanium diboride | 4 500 | 570 ib | 33 000 | X 10 |
| Silicon carbide | 3200 | 370 | 27 000 | X5 |
| Oxidation plating | 2800 | 415 | 12000 | X 10 |
| BC/SIB | 2600 | 340 | 27500 ib | X7 |
| iav ceramics | 2500 | 100 | 6000 | 1 |
| Silicon nitride | 3200 | 310 | 17000 Nws | X5 |
Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov mos txwv tsis zoo ceramics
Silicon carbide ceramic density yog qhov tsawg, siab hardness, yog tus nqi-zoo structural ceramics, yog li nws kuj yog cov khoom siv dav siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv Suav teb.
Boron carbide ceramics muaj qhov qis tshaj plaws thiab qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ceramics, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv cov kev xav tau rau kev siv tshuab kuj tseem siab heev, yuav tsum tau kub thiab siab sintering, yog li tus nqi kuj yog siab tshaj ntawm peb cov ceramics.
Piv nrog rau peb cov khoom siv phom phom ntau tshaj plaws, alumina bulletproof ceramics muaj tus nqi qis tshaj plaws, tab sis qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov mos txwv yog tsawg dua li silicon carbide thiab boron carbide, yog li tam sim no cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntawm cov mos txwv ceramics hauv silicon carbide thiab boron carbide bulletproof, thaum. alumina ceramics tsis tshua muaj.Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho siv lead ua alumina tuaj yeem siv los npaj pob tshab ceramics, uas tau siv dav los ua cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab nrog lub teeb ua haujlwm, thiab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tub rog xws li cov tub rog tiv thaiv qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, missile detection Windows, kev soj ntsuam tsheb hauv Windows, thiab submarine periscopes.
④Ob qhov nrov tshaj plaws cov khoom siv mos mos mos ceramic
Silicon carbide bulletproof ceramics
Lub silicon carbide covalent daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog heev thiab tseem muaj lub zog sib txuas ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.Cov txheej txheem no muab silicon carbide ceramics zoo heev, siab hardness, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, siab thermal conductivity, zoo thermal shock kuj thiab lwm yam khoom.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, silicon carbide ceramic nqi yog nruab nrab, tus nqi tsim nyog, yog ib qho kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv armor.
Silicon carbide ceramics muaj qhov chaw dav dav hauv kev tiv thaiv armor, thiab lawv cov kev siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov tsheb tshwj xeeb yuav muaj ntau haiv neeg.Thaum siv los ua cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, xav txog cov nqi thiab cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam, nws feem ntau yog ib qho me me ntawm ceramic panels thiab composite backplane bonded rau hauv ceramic composite phiaj phaj, kom kov yeej qhov tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm ceramics vim tensile stress, thiab los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev nkag mus rau qhov projectile tsuas yog tawg rau ib qho xwb yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej.
Boron carbide bulletproof ceramics
Boron carbide yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv paub tom qab pob zeb diamond thiab cubic boron nitride superhard khoom, hardness txog li 3000kg / mm²;Qhov ceev yog tsawg, tsuas yog 2.52g / cm³, uas yog 1/3 ntawm cov hlau;Siab elastic modulus, 450GPa;Siab melting point, txog 2447 ℃;Lub thermal expansion coefficient yog tsawg thiab thermal conductivity siab.Tsis tas li ntawd, boron carbide muaj cov tshuaj zoo ruaj khov, acid thiab alkali corrosion kuj, nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub tsis hnov mob nrog cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus thiab feem ntau inorganic compound kua, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid tov kua muaj qeeb corrosion. ;Thiab feem ntau cov hlau molten tsis moisten, tsis txhob ua.Boron carbide kuj muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov neutrons, uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv ceramic.B4C muaj qhov qis qis tshaj plaws ntawm ob peb feem ntau siv armor ceramics, ua ke nrog cov qauv siab ntawm elasticity, ua rau nws xaiv zoo rau cov khoom siv hauv tub rog armor thiab chaw ua haujlwm.Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm B4C yog tias nws kim heev (kwv yees li 10 npaug ntawm alumina) thiab nkig, uas txwv nws txoj kev siv dav raws li ib-theem tiv thaiv armor.
⑤ Kev npaj ntawm cov mos txwv ceramics.
| Kev npaj technology | Cov yam ntxwv txheej txheem | |
| Qhov zoo | ||
| Kub xovxwm sintering | Nrog qis sintering kub thiab luv sintering lub sij hawm, ceramics nrog nplua nplej thiab siab txheeb ze ceev thiab zoo mechanical zog yuav tau. | |
| Superhigh siab sintering | Ua tiav sai, tsis tshua muaj kub sintering, densification tus nqi nce. | |
| Kub isostatic nias sintering | Ceramics nrog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab cov duab zoo tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lub sijhawm luv luv rapping thiab lub cev tsis zoo. | |
| Microwave sintering | Kev ceev ceev, xoom gradient uniform cua sov, txhim kho cov khoom siv, txhim kho cov khoom siv, kev ua haujlwm siab thiab txuag hluav taws xob. | |
| Tshem tawm plasma sintering | Lub sij hawm sintering yog luv luv, qhov kub ntawm sintering yog tsawg, cov ceramic ua tau zoo, thiab qhov ceev ntawm lub zog sintering gradient khoom yog siab. | |
| Plasma beam melting txoj kev | Cov hmoov raw khoom yog tag nrho melted, tsis yog txwv los ntawm particle loj ntawm cov hmoov, tsis xav tau ib tug tsawg melting point flux, thiab cov khoom muaj ib tug ntom qauv. | |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sintering | Nyob ze net loj manufacturing tshuab, txheej txheem yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj nqi, tuaj yeem npaj qhov loj me, cov duab zoo. | |
| Pressureless sintering | Cov khoom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yooj yim sintering txheej txheem thiab tus nqi qis.Muaj ntau txoj kev tsim tsim, uas tuaj yeem siv rau qhov nyuaj thiab tuab qhov loj, thiab kuj tsim nyog rau kev lag luam loj. | |
| Ua kua theem sintering | Tsawg sintering kub, tsis tshua muaj porosity, nplua nplej, siab ceev, siab zog | |
| Kev npaj technology | Cov yam ntxwv txheej txheem | |
| Qhov tsis zoo | ||
| Kub xovxwm sintering | Cov txheej txheem yog qhov nyuaj dua, cov khoom siv pwm thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj siab, cov khoom siv tau qis, cov nqi tsim khoom yog siab, thiab cov duab tsuas yog npaj tau nrog cov khoom yooj yim. | |
| Superhigh siab sintering | Muaj peev xwm tsuas yog npaj cov khoom nrog cov duab yooj yim, tsis tshua muaj ntau lawm, cov cuab yeej siv siab, siab sintering tej yam kev mob, thiab siab zog noj.Tam sim no, nws tsuas yog nyob rau theem tshawb fawb | |
| Kub isostatic nias sintering | Cov khoom siv raug nqi siab, thiab qhov loj ntawm lub workpiece yuav tsum tau ua yog txwv | |
| Microwave sintering | Theoretical technology xav tau kev txhim kho, cov cuab yeej tsis muaj, thiab tsis tau siv dav | |
| Tshem tawm plasma sintering | Lub hauv paus kev xav yuav tsum tau txhim kho, cov txheej txheem yog complex, thiab tus nqi yog siab, uas tsis tau industrialized. | |
| Plasma beam melting txoj kev | Cov cuab yeej siv siab siab tsis tau ua tiav rau kev thov dav. | |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sintering | Residual silicon txo qhov kub-kub txhua yam khoom, corrosion kuj, thiab oxidation tsis kam ntawm cov khoom. | |
| Pressureless sintering | Lub sintering kub yog siab, muaj ib tug tej yam porosity, lub zog yog tsawg, thiab muaj li 15% ntim shrinkage. | |
| Ua kua theem sintering | Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau deformation, loj shrinkage thiab nyuaj rau tswj qhov tseeb qhov tseeb | |
| Ceramic |
| AL2O3.B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 |
| AL2O3.B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 |
| AL2O3.B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 |
| B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3.B4 C .SiC |
| .SiC |
Bulletproof ceramics upgrade
Txawm hais tias cov mos txwv tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm silicon carbide thiab boron carbide yog qhov loj heev, qhov teeb meem ntawm pob txha toughness thiab tsis zoo brittleness ntawm ib-theem ceramics tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub thiab thev naus laus zis tau muab cov kev xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov mos txwv ceramics: ntau txoj haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm siab, lub teeb yuag, tus nqi qis thiab kev nyab xeeb.Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshawb fawb vam tias yuav ua tiav qhov kev txhawb zog, lub teeb yuag thiab kev lag luam ntawm ceramics los ntawm kev hloov kho micro, suav nrog ntau cov khoom siv ceramics sib xyaw, kev ua haujlwm gradient ceramics, txheej txheej tsim, thiab lwm yam, thiab cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog lub teeb nyob rau hauv. hnyav piv nrog niaj hnub armor, thiab zoo dua txhim kho lub mobile kev ua tau zoo ntawm combat units.
Functionally graded ceramics qhia kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm microcosmic tsim.Piv txwv li, titanium boride thiab titanium hlau thiab txhuas oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride thiab hlau txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau / ceramic puas tshuab, kev ua tau zoo ntawm gradient hloov raws txoj hauj lwm thickness, uas yog, kev npaj siab hardness. Hloov mus rau siab toughness bulletproof ceramics.
Nanometer multiphase ceramics yog tsim los ntawm submicron lossis nanometer dispersion hais ntxiv rau cov matrix ceramics.Xws li SiC-Si3N4-Al2O3, B4C-SiC, thiab lwm yam, hardness, toughness thiab lub zog ntawm ceramics muaj ib qho kev txhim kho.Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov tebchaws sab hnub poob tab tom kawm txog sintering ntawm nano-scale hmoov los npaj cov ceramics nrog cov nplej loj ntawm kaum ntawm nanometers kom ua tiav cov khoom siv zog thiab tawv, thiab cov mos txwv ceramics yuav tsum ua tiav qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov no.
Saum toj no
Txawm hais tias nws yog ib-theem ceramics lossis ntau-theem ceramics, cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws bulletproof ceramics lossis inseparable ntawm silicon carbide, boron carbide ob cov ntaub ntawv.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau boron carbide cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm sintering technology, cov khoom zoo heev ntawm boron carbide ceramics tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, thiab lawv cov ntawv thov hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov mos txwv yuav tsim ntxiv.
Post lub sij hawm: Dec-14-2023